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On the improvement design of dynamic characteristics for the roller follower of a variable-speed plate

Hui Ching FAN, Hong Sen YAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第1期页码 5-15 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0310-y

摘要：

Without modifying the cam contour, a cam mechanism with a variable input speed trajectory offers an alternative solution to flexibly achieve kinematic and dynamic characteristics, and then decrease the follower’s residual vibration. Firstly, the speed trajectory of cam is derived by employing Bezier curve, and motion continuity conditions are investigated. Then the motion characteristics between the plate cam and its roller follower are derived. To analyze the residual vibration, a single degree of freedom dynamic model of the elastic cam-follower system is introduced. Based on the motion equation derived from the dynamic model, the residual vibration of the follower is yielded. The design procedure to improve the kinematic and dynamic motion characteristics is presented and two design examples with discussions are provided. Finally, the simulations of the kinematic and dynamic models by ADAMS are carried out and verified that the design models as well as the performances of the mechanism are feasible.

关键词： cam mechanism variable input speed kinematic design dynamic design optimal design

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A hybrid method for product low-end disruptive innovation

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0690-6

摘要： Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products. Low-end disruptive innovation (LDI) enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market. The existing LDI methods are mainly based on unnecessary characteristics of disruptive innovations. Thus, they cannot easily identify and respond to the LDI design needs. This study proposes a hybrid method for the product LDI in two levels of the product design based on the summarized definition and essential characteristics of LDI. Feasible areas of the product LDI are determined using a hybrid relational function model to identify the maturity of dominant technologies. The technologies are identified through the technical search and evaluation of the feasible area for innovation to form an initial LDI scheme. Then, the product function is optimized using the trimming concept of theory of inventive problem solving based on the characteristics of LDI. The final LDI scheme is formed and evaluated based on the essential characteristics of the product LDI. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in the design of a new dropping pill machine.

关键词： low-end disruptive innovation product design design improvement theory of inventive problem solving TRIZ trimming

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Structure improvement and strength finite element analysis of VHP welded rotor of 700°C USC steam turbine

Jinyuan SHI,Zhicheng DENG,Yong WANG,Yu YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 88-104 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0387-1

摘要： The optimized structure strength design and finite element analysis method for very high pressure (VHP) rotors of the 700°C ultra-super-critical (USC) steam turbine are presented. The main parameters of steam and the steam thermal parameters of blade stages of VHP welded rotors as well as the start and shutdown curves of the steam turbine are determined. The structure design feature, the mechanical models and the typical position of stress analysis of the VHP welded rotors are introduced. The steady and transient finite element analysis are implemented for steady condition, start and shutdown process, including steady rated condition, 110% rated speed, 120% rated speed, cold start, warm start, hot start, very hot start, sliding-pressure shutdown, normal shutdown and emergency shutdown, to obtain the temperature and stress distribution as well as the stress ratio of the welded rotor. The strength design criteria and strength analysis results of the welded rotor are given. The results show that the strength design of improved structure of the VHP welded rotor of the 700°C USC steam turbine is safe at the steady condition and during the transient start or shutdown process.

关键词： 700°C ultra-super-critical unit steam turbine very high pressure rotor structure strength design strength design criteria finite element analysis

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Exploring differentiated improvement strategies of cultivated land quality in China

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023523

摘要：

● Cultivated land quality can be considered in four dimensions: suitability, contiguity, resistance, and ecological stress.

关键词： China cultivated land quality differentiated improvement food security

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Research progress on genetic improvement of

Chuanping YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 391-401 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017183

摘要： Suk. is one of the most widely distributed species of , the fourth most valuable timber species in north-eastern China and also a common tree species for landscaping. Over the past 30 years, effective progress has been made in genetic improvement and molecular breeding of . There has been extensive research on breeding techniques, including the collection and conservation of germplasm resources, provenance trials, intensive breeding techniques, crossbreeding and asexual propagation techniques, ploidy breeding and mutation breeding technology, genome sequencing, gene cloning, transgenic and molecular mechanisms of wood formation. A germplasm resource collection has been established by collecting different provenances, and full-sib and half-sib families. In addition, the geographic variation patterns of provenances have been revealed, and the provenance division and superior provenance selections made. flowering and seeding have been improved through intensive breeding techniques. Interspecific hybridization, intraspecific hybridization and parallel crosses were made using fine parents, and intensive seed orchards have been established. Systems of asexual propagation, including cuttings, grafting and tissue culture have been established. A tetraploid was successfully constructed and a triploid seed orchard established. The growth, wood property and resistance genes of have been cloned. An efficient transgenic system mediated by was established, and genes encoding insect resistance, drought resistance and salt tolerance, lignin synthesis, flowering, hormone transport and balance obtained. molecular markers were developed and the high density genetic map constructed. All this research has provided a model and data for the foundation of forest genetic improvement and applied research.

关键词： Betula platyphylla genetic improvement molecular breeding seed orchard

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A review of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment

Feng YANG, Manman WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 27-46 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0092-6

摘要： The era of big data brings unprecedented opportunities and challenges to management research. As one of the important functions of management decision-making, evaluation has been given more functions and application space. Exploring the applicable evaluation methods in the big data environment has become an important subject of research. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and discussion of systematic evaluation and improvement in the big data environment. We first review the evaluation methods based on the main analytic techniques of big data such as data mining, statistical methods, optimization and simulation, and deep learning. Focused on the characteristics of big data (association feature, data loss, data noise, and visualization), the relevant evaluation methods are given. Furthermore, we explore the systematic improvement studies and application fields. Finally, we analyze the new application areas of evaluation methods and give the future directions of evaluation method research in a big data environment from six aspects. We hope our research could provide meaningful insights for subsequent research.

关键词： big data evaluation methods systematic improvement big data analytic techniques data mining

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Quality and efficiency improvement technology for five megawatt offshore wind turbines and its application

Huali HAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 618-621 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0142-0

关键词： renewable energy megawatt offshore wind turbine technology-driven quality improvement

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Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock

Zachariah MCLEAN, Björn OBACK, Götz LAIBLE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 148-160 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019305

摘要：

Selecting beneficial DNA variants is the main goal of animal breeding. However, this process is inherently inefficient because each animal only carries a fraction of all desirable variants. Genome editing technology with its ability to directly introduce beneficial sequence variants offers new opportunities to modernize animal breeding by overcoming this biological limitation and accelerating genetic gains. To realize rapid genetic gain, precise edits need to be introduced into genomically-selected embryos, which minimizes the genetic lag. However, embryo-mediated precision editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms is currently an inefficient process that often produces mosaic embryos and greatly limits the numbers of available edited embryos. This review provides a summary of genome editing in bovine embryos and proposes an embryo-mediated accelerated breeding scheme that overcomes the present efficiency limitations of HDR editing in bovine embryos. It integrates embryo-based genomic selection with precise multi-editing and uses embryonic cloning with elite edited blastomeres or embryonic pluripotent stem cells to resolve mosaicism, enable multiplex editing and multiply rare elite genotypes. Such a breeding strategy would enable a more targeted, accelerated approach for livestock improvement that allows stacking of beneficial variants, even including novel traits from outside the breeding population, in the most recent elite genetic background, essentially within a single generation.

关键词： animal breeding cattle cloning CRISPR/Cas9 cytoplasmic injection embryo genome editing germline chimaeras HDR livestock improvement TALENs

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液体样品预处理装置中黏稠液体定量转移结构创新

曹国忠,檀润华,张鹏,杨志岩

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第1期页码 30-35

摘要：

为解决液体样品预处理装置中罐体之间黏稠液体定量转移无法准确实现的问题，综合应用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)和约束理论(TOC)进行问题分析与求解。从系统的角度分析了样品预处理装置的组成及要素间的相互关系，基于TRIZ进化模式和TOC必备树确定了样品预处理装置的核心问题，应用基于TRIZ的计算机辅助创新软件InventionTool 3.0中的冲突模块、标准解模块和效应模块进行了设计方案的选择、评价和修正，提出了实现液体样品预处理装置中黏稠液体定量转移的原理解。

关键词： TRIZ TOC 样品预处理装置改进设计

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Management System and Education Model in Developed Countries for Engineering Management Major Education Improvement

Jian-ya Jiang,Yang-wei Rao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 406-409 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014049

摘要： Different developed countries have differences in regulations for engineering management systems. The related education modes and their curriculum arrangement in universities in the US, UK, and Germany show their specializations. Through comparative research into engineering management systems and professional education modes between China and these developed countries, the paper proposes suggestions for improving the education of engineering management majors in China, which could speed up development of Chinese engineering general contracting enterprises and engineering project management enterprises.

关键词： engineering management system education mode comparative research training improvement

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Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT

Carlos GUZMÁN, Karim AMMAR, Velu GOVINDAN, Ravi SINGH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 265-272 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019260

摘要：

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is the global leader in publicly-funded maize and wheat research and in farming systems based on these crops. CIMMYT leads the Global Wheat Program (GWP), which includes some of the largest wheat breeding programs in the world. The GWP has been successful in developing wheat germplasm that is used extensively worldwide. Wheat quality improvement is a central component of all the breeding efforts at CIMMYT and the Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory represents an integral part of the breeding programs. Wheat quality is addressed at CIMMYT over the full range of this very wide and variable concept with milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality targeted. Wheat progenitors and advanced lines developed by the breeders are assessed for diverse quality attributes, with the aim of identifying those that fulfill the requirements in terms of milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality in different target regions. Significant research is conducted to make more efficient the integration of wheat quality traits in the breeding programs. The main topics being addressed are (1) methodologies to analyze grain quality traits, (2) genetic control and environmental effects on quality traits, (3) characterization of genetic resources for quality improvement, and (4) diversifying grain properties for novel uses.

关键词： biofortification breeding grain quality wheat

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Molecular regulation and genetic improvement of seed oil content in

Wei HUA,Jing LIU,Hanzhong WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 186-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016107

摘要： As an important oil crop and a potential bioenergy crop, L. is becoming a model plant for basic research on seed lipid biosynthesis as well as seed oil content, which has always been the key breeding objective. In this review, we present current progress in understanding of the regulation of oil content in , including genetics, biosynthesis pathway, transcriptional regulation, maternal effects and QTL analysis. Furthermore, the history of breeding for high oil content in is summarized and the progress in breeding ultra-high oil content lines is described. Finally, prospects for breeding high oil content cultivars are outlined.

关键词： breeding maternal effects oilseed rape QTL

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Air quality improvement in Los Angeles—Perspectives for developing cities

David D. Parrish,Jin Xu,Bart Croes,Min Shao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0859-5

摘要： Air quality improvement in Los Angeles can inform air quality policies in developing cities. Emission control efforts, their results, costs and health benefits are briefly summarized. Today's developing cities face new challenges including regional pollution. Air quality issues in Beijing are briefly compared and contrasted with Los Angeles. Opportunities for co-benefits for climate and air quality improvement are identified. Air quality improvement in Los Angeles, California is reviewed with an emphasis on aspects that may inform air quality policy formulation in developing cities. In the mid-twentieth century the air quality in Los Angeles was degraded to an extent comparable to the worst found in developing cities today; ozone exceeded 600 ppb and annual average particulate matter <10 mm reached ~150 mg·m . Today's air quality is much better due to very effective emission controls; e.g., modern automobiles emit about 1% of the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emitted by vehicles of 50 years ago. An overview is given of the emission control efforts in Los Angeles and their impact on ambient concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants; the costs and health benefits of these controls are briefly summarized. Today's developing cities have new challenges that are discussed: the effects of regional pollution transport are much greater in countries with very high population densities; often very large current populations must be supplied with goods and services even while economic development and air quality concerns are addressed; and many of currently developing cities are located in or close to the tropics where photochemical processing of pollution is expected to be more rapid than at higher latitudes. The air quality issues of Beijing are briefly compared and contrasted with those of Los Angeles, and the opportunities for co-benefits for climate and air quality improvement are pointed out.

关键词： Air pollution Ozone Particulate matter Control technology

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FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2019270

摘要：

Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high (A. verticillata and C. pauper) to moderate (A. acutivalvis, A. decaisneana, A. dielsiana, A. huegeliana, C. cristata and C. obesa) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

关键词： actinorrhizal trees / agroforestry / climate change / ecosystem restoration

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Ductility improvement of GFRP-RC beams using precast confined concrete block in compression zone

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0968-8

摘要： Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have received considerable research attention because of their high strength, corrosion resistance, and low weight. However, owing to the lack of ductility in this material and the quasi-brittle behavior of concrete, FRP-reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) beams, even with flexural failure, do not fail in a ductile manner. Because the limited deformation capacity of FRP-RC beams depends on the ductility of their compression zones, the present study proposes using a precast confined concrete block (PCCB) in the compression zone to improve the ductility of the beams. A control beam and four beams with different PCCBs were cast and tested under four-point bending conditions. The control beam failed due to shear, and the PCCBs exhibited different confinements and perforations. The goal was to find an appropriate PCCB for use in the compression zone of the beams, which not only improved the ductility but also changed the failure mode of the beams from shear to flexural. Among the employed blocks, a ductile PCCB with low equivalent compressive strength increased the ductility ratio of the beam to twice that of the control beam. The beam failed in pure flexure with considerable deformation capacity and without significant stiffness reduction.

关键词： ductility four-point bending test glass fiber-reinforced polymer precast confined concrete block